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History of the Gregorian Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most prevalently used calendar today. Within this calendar, a standard year consists of 365 days with a leap day being introduced to the month of February during a leap year...

The adoption of the Gregorian calendar occurred slowly over a period of centuries...

Holidays

A holiday is a day that, either by custom or by law, is set aside such that regular activities like going to work or school are suspended, or at least reduced. The term "holiday" can be interpreted differently, depending on the region. In the U.S., paid leave is typically referred to as "vacation," while national, religious, or cultural days off are referred to exclusively as "holiday." In some regions, however, such as the United Kingdom or former British colonies, the term holiday can also refer to paid leave.

Generally, holidays are meant to commemorate some event, person, or group of cultural or religious significance. Although certain holidays, such as Christmas and New Year's Day, are widely celebrated worldwide, most countries have their own set of holidays that are specific to the country, and even the same holidays may be observed differently within countries: some may receive a full suspension of typical daily activities, while others may only get partial days off. Certain countries have holidays that essentially shut down almost all businesses. As an example, in Brazil, Carnaval do Brasil results in almost a full week in which only industrial production, retail establishments, or carnival-related businesses, function.

This calculator is mainly geared towards U.S. holidays, but holidays specific to a given country can be entered manually. Certain holidays can also be excluded. For a further level of specificity, federal holidays in the U.S. refer to holidays that have been recognized by the U.S. government; on these days, non-essential federal government offices are closed, and all federal employees receive paid leave. This is not necessarily true in the private sector, however, and which federal holidays a private sector employee receives is largely dependent on the discretion of the company. In some cases, an employee who is required to work on a federal holiday may receive compensation in the form of holiday pay in addition to their regular wages.

Certain holidays such as New Year's Day are referred to as "fixed holidays," since they fall on the same date every year. Others, such as the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., don't have a fixed date, because they occur on a "floating Monday"; in this particular case, the holiday occurs on the third Monday of January. Another widely observed holiday in the U.S., Thanksgiving, occurs on a "floating Thursday," the fourth Thursday in November, hence the dates of these holidays vary by year. Below are two tables showing the dates of federal holidays in the U.S. for 2025 and 2026.

2025 U.S. Federal Holidays

2026 U.S. Federal Holidays